Websites can have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be a
personal website, a corporate website for a company, a government website, an organization website, etc. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, ranging from entertainment and
social networking to providing news and education. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the
World Wide Web, while private websites, such as a company's website for its employees, are typically a part of an
intranet.
Hyperlinking between web pages conveys to the reader the
site structure and guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a
home page containing a directory of the site
web content. Some websites require user registration or
subscription to access content. Examples of
subscription websites include many business sites, news websites,
academic journal websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites,
message boards, web-based
email,
social networking websites, websites providing real-time
stock market data, as well as sites providing various other services. As of 2018,
end users can access websites on a range of devices, including
desktop and
laptop computers,
tablet computers,
smartphones and
smart TVs
Static website
A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the format that is sent to a client web browser. It is primarily coded in
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML);
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to control appearance beyond basic HTML. Images are commonly used to effect the desired appearance and as part of the main content. Audio or video might also be considered "static" content if it plays automatically or is generally non-interactive. This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors. Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, a static website will generally provide consistent, standard information for an extended period of time. Although the website owner may make updates periodically, it is a manual process to edit the text, photos, and other content and may require basic website design skills and software. Simple forms or marketing examples of websites, such as
classic website, a
five-page website or a
brochure website are often static websites because they present pre-defined, static information to the user. This may include information about a company and its products and services through text, photos, animations, audio/video, and navigation menus.
Static websites can be edited using four broad categories of software:
- Text editors, such as Notepad or TextEdit, where content and HTML markup are manipulated directly within the editor program
- WYSIWYG offline editors, such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe Dreamweaver (previously Macromedia Dreamweaver), with which the site is edited using a GUI and the final HTML markup is generated automatically by the editor software
- WYSIWYG online editors which create a media-rich online presentation like web pages, widgets, intro, blogs, and other documents.
- Template-based editors such as iWeb allow users to create and upload web pages to a web server without detailed HTML knowledge, as they pick a suitable template from a palette and add pictures and text to it in a desktop publishing fashion without direct manipulation of HTML code.
Static websites may still use
server side includes (SSI) as an editing convenience, such as sharing a common menu bar across many pages. As the site's behavior
to the reader is still static, this is not considered a dynamic site.
Dynamic website
Server-side programming languages repartition on 28 April 2016.
A site can display the current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the individual user. For example, when the front page of a news site is requested, the code running on the web server might combine stored HTML fragments with news stories retrieved from a
database or another website via
RSS to produce a page that includes the latest information. Dynamic sites can be interactive by using
HTML forms, storing and reading back
browser cookies, or by creating a series of pages that reflect the previous history of clicks. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request, e.g. for the keyword
Beatles. In response, the content of the web page will spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of Beatles products like CDs, DVDs, and books.
Dynamic HTML uses
JavaScript code to instruct the web browser how to interactively modify the page contents. One way to simulate a certain type of dynamic website while avoiding the performance loss of initiating the dynamic engine on a per-user or per-connection basis is to periodically automatically regenerate a large series of static pages.
Multimedia and interactive content
Early websites had only text, and soon after, images. Web browser
plugins were then used to add audio, video, and interactivity (such as for a
rich Internet application that mirrors the complexity of a desktop application like a
word processor). Examples of such plug-ins are
Microsoft Silverlight,
Adobe Flash,
Adobe Shockwave, and
applets written in
Java.
HTML 5 includes provisions for audio and video without plugins.
JavaScript is also built into most modern web browsers and allows for website creators to send the code to the web browser that instructs it how to interactively modify page content and communicate with the web server if needed. The browser's internal representation of the content is known as the
Document Object Model (DOM) and the technique is known as
Dynamic HTML. A 2010-era trend in websites called "responsive design" has given the best of viewing experience as it provides with a device based layout for users. These websites change their layout according to the device or mobile platform thus giving a rich user experience.
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